Listing costs vary materially — from zero to seven figures — and may be structured in stablecoins, tokens, performance-based deposits, or hybrid arrangements.

Commercial terms are dynamic. They depend on market conditions, sector demand, project maturity, anticipated trading volume, and negotiation leverage at the time of engagement. Two projects in similar verticals can receive very different proposals based purely on timing and positioning.

Fee optics alone are not the right benchmark — structure and alignment matter just as much as headline cost.